Employment Relations The Qantas Lockout of Employees

Question: Discuss about theEmployment Relationsfor the Qantas Lockout of Employees. Answer: Introduction Working relationship refers to relationships that arise when one person, corporate body or an individual, contracts or enlist the services of another, to perform a given task for them at an agreed fee and for some period. The relations can be permanent or timely depending on the nature of the employment. Other than the employer and the employees, other key stakeholders play an important role in the working relationship. These are the government which acts are the regulator by enacting laws through the parliament and enforcing them in court; the Employee Trade Unions who help in the negotiation of collective bargaining agreements; and the employee unions. That stated, the aim of this paper will be to analysis the role played by these personalities in The Qantas lockout of employees in 2011 disputes. The article will provide an overview of how the discussion unfolded, the role of the stakeholders, and the resolution of the conflict. Background of the Dispute The Qantas lockout of employees in 2011 was a conflict that erupted between Qantas and three unions representing the engineers, long-haul pilots, and the baggage and catering staff (Smith and Howard 2012 b). These unions were the Australian Licensed Aircraft Engineers Association, the Australian and International Pilots Union, and the Transport Workers Union of Australia. The dispute was all about a new enterprise bargaining agreements the unions were trying to negotiate with Qantas (O'Neil 2012). The mains issues of in the proposed bargaining agreements were about levels of payment, issues to do with outsourcing and job security. The employees demanded that the company needed to improve their working conditions which they considered as not being up to the expected standard, they also needed better wages. Several negotiation meetings between the corporation and the Unions were held to try and resolved the issues but the no agreement was reached. This culminated in a series of industr ial actions which seemed to incapacitated Qantas of the ability to perform its duties as required. Flight delays were resulting in the company's loss of about AS$68 million (Smith and Howard 2012a). The members of the pilots union voted to engage in protected industrial actions against the company. The Union claimed that the driving force behind their decision was to keep airline's pilots operating its flights. They were against the habit of Qantas outsourcing pilot service which they considered would damage the company's image and brand. In August 2011, the airline revealed its plan to start a new airline by establishing Jetstar Japan which would be cheaper and other carriers in Singapore. It also made it clear there would be about one thousand job losses (Smith and Howard 2012a) The intention was to make the company more competitive hence increasing its market share and profits. In further response to the industrial actions, the airline's CEO announced that the corporation had decided to ground its services and that it would lock out all employees represented by the three trade unions and no such employee locked-out would be paid their dues (Sarina and Wright 2015). This move threatened the Australian economy considering that the airline was the largest air transport provider in Australia (Sheldon and Thornthwaite 2013). However, it is believed that the aim was to force the Federal government to try and resolve the issue. Furthermore, most Australian depends heavily on air transport hence the government fear of a tr ansport crisis in the country (BBC News 2011). The grounding affected about 108 airplanes and 22 airports. External Business Environmental Factors the Contributed to the Dispute between the Parties A variety of factors fueled the Qantas dispute. Some of them economic slowdown in the UK and the United States, Growth potential in the Asian market, Australian Federal Governments Policy, and high competition in global aviation industries from low cost and government subsidized airlines (Smith and Howard 2012b; Forsyth 2002). The Australia Government Policy especially the law governing industrial relations had a significant role to play in leading to the strike of July 2011. Under the Fair Works Act, the employees are allowed to participate in go-slow, picketing, and strikes as long as such industrial action is protected fund the Law of Australia. The Act, however, requires the employee union to notify the employer and try to use other means of dispute resolution before reverting to industrial action. As such, industrial action is expecting to come in as the last action after the parties have exhausted all the available options. In compliance with this legal provision, TWU promptly informs Qantas that its member would be going on industrial action if the company did not address their demands. At the same time, the allow allows an employer to effect a lockout of employees if the employee action is unjustified and are aimed at harming the organization financially and in also like damage the company's reputation. The Fair Work Act also allows the employer to lock the employees out in the instance that there is sufficient evidence that the employees or the union failed to follow the laid down channel of dispute resolution. In such a case, the employer is free of any liability (Stewart 2008). Based on these grounds, Qantas decided to lock out its workforce and to ground its operations and a way of trying to resolve the dispute and force the unions' members back to work. The other factor is that with their growing economies of the Asian countries, Qantas found that operating business in Asia would be cheaper compared to Australia. The laws of countries like Singapore and Japan were considered investor friendly as compared to Australia. Further, outsourcing also meant that the company would pay such pilot a considerably reduced salary as compared to paying those hired in Australia (Smith and Howard 2012 b; Smith and Howard 2012 a). Its Australian staff required more remuneration as compared to those acquired from Asia countries hence the temptation to use their services. This move agitated the Qantas Pilots who felt that their jobs were at risk hence needed a new employment agreement. On rejecting the new arrangements, the worker went ion industrial strike which resulted in massive losses for Qantas hence the grounding of services and subsequent lockouts. The government funds small airlines hence allowing them to charge few prices per ticket. This enc ouraged many local passengers to use the carriers as opposed to using Qantas (Francis and Humphreys, Ison and Aicken 2006). They were there increasing competition hence the need for Qantas to cut on spending and increase profits. The economic slowdown in US and UK affected many businesses. The collapse of the Lehman Banking 2008 resulted in a global financial crisis. Stocks fall by across the world and hence affecting the businesses of other companies. Issues of unemployment cropped up due to continued economic instability (BBC News 2013). Following this trend, Qantas decided to shift its North Atlantic headquarters to Asia. This meant that most Asian had to be employed by the company hence threatening the job security of the Qantas' staff. Costs in Asia also proved to be fewer while the profits were high (Laeven and Valencia 2013). Following this opportunity, Qantas decided to invest in Asia. The employees were displeased hence the industrial actions. Dispute from Stakeholder Standpoint Employer Qantas had viewed the actions of the unions and staff as unauthorized and unfounded. The airlines saw these actions and intimidations by employees whose only aim was to force the company into giving way into demands that were unsustainable. At the same time, they argued that moving their North Atlantic operations office to Asia was to improve its strategic position and productivity. The stability in the most Asian economy would not be overlooked by the company (Sarina and Wright 2015). It was more profitable and cheap to invest in Asia than in the United States and Europe. The demands of the unions were, therefore, unachievable according to the company (Smith and Howard 2012b). The company employed negotiations first when this failed, their down their planes so as to force the government to intervene. This was followed by employee lockouts and denial of dues. Employees and Unions The on the part of the employees, all they cared for was the need for improved working conditions, job security and better wages. They needed a control on third party labor providers and restrictions on the same (BBC News 2011). The new agreements were also supposed to govern and oversee the works. Furthermore, improvements in productivity including technology needed to be tamed to ensure job security. The employees used negations of new agreements when this failed; they resorted to industrial actions like delays of maintenance by engineers and pilots' downing their services (Smith and Howard 2012 b). Federal Governments With the threat of economic slowdown, the Federal Minister was forced to intervenes as to bring the crisis to an end. The negotiations were joined by the State of Victoria, Queensland and New South Wales. The Minister extent of the potential damage to the economy and it was found that airline accounted for over 60% of Australia's domestic aviation, twenty percent of global capacity, and 8 percent of the airfreight (BBC New 2011). Ta huge numbers of the countries employees were also employed in the aviation sector, and it likely the side effects would be felt by the tourism industry. It was, therefore, essential to ending the lockout to prevent the economy from crumbling. The Federal Government, therefore, instructed the FWA to intervene and settle the matter (Sarina and Wright 2015). Even though there was no particular winner, the airline seemed to have achieved it intended objective of government intervention Resolution of the Dispute FWA came up with several findings. It concluded that no sufficient damage would be caused to the tourism sector and the aviation industry by the industrial actions. The financial loss suffered by Qantas could not affect its financial status so much hence it would not be justified to suspend its services based on the Unisons protected industrial actions (Brigden 2012). The bench reasoned that protected industrial actions were lawful under Australian law and was part of the business system (Australia FW 2012). FWA instructed that it was appropriated for the parties to negotiate new agreements. However, the damage caused to the consumers of the service was one that had a bearing on the tourism industry making the FWA apply its power to terminate the actions and lockout under section 424(1)(d) of the Fair Works Act. The bench, therefore, declared the suspension ended (Sarina and Wright 2015). They argued that the impact of the suspension on the tourism industry were huge and therefore ha d to come to an end. FWA temporarily suspended the lockout but left it open for further actions by the employers. It also encouraged them to engage in further negotiations so as to avoid similar incidents (Reinhart 2012). Even though the decision seemed to favor the airlines, it was essential in averting the looming crisis (Catanzariti and Kane 2012). Was the Dispute resolved effectively? Implication of the Dispute to Employment Relations It is quite hard to tell whether the dispute was effectively settled. However, to some extent, the objective was achieved. The fact the FWA was able to end the lockout, and the industrial actions are a sign of real dispute settlement. The decision was also able to encourage the parties to renegotiate new agreements. However, a union like ALAEA did not achieve its objectives for its member. Allowing the possibility of further lockouts was dangerous and would encourage other employers to use such measures to intimidate their employees from agitating for their rights. As such, the decision is likely to create a situation of business monopoly in Employment Relations hence putting the employee at a disadvantage. Catanzariti and Kane 2012 acknowledges that this ruling had the likelihood of precipitating injustice employer practices in future even though it was necessary. References Australia, F.W., 2012. Decision, equal remuneration case. Fair Work Australia Full Bench, 1000(1) BBC News. (2011). Labour row grounds Qantas flights - BBC News. [online] Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-15504838 [Accessed 5 May 2017] Brigden, C., 2012. Unions and collective bargaining in 2011. Journal of Industrial Relations, 54(3), pp.361-376 Catanzariti, J. and Kane, C., 2012. Major tribunal decisions in 2011. Journal of Industrial Relations, 54(3), pp.312-325 FITZ GERALD, J. (2008). Medium-term review. 2008-2015 2008-2015. Dublin, Economic and Social Research Institute Forsyth, P., 2002. Privatisation and regulation of Australian and New Zealand airports. Journal of air transport Management, 8(1), pp.19-28. Francis, G., Humphreys, I., Ison, S. and Aicken, M., 2006. Where next for low cost airlines? A spatial and temporal comparative study. Journal of Transport Geography, 14(2), pp.83-94 Laeven, L. and Valencia, F., 2013. Systemic banking crises database. IMF Economic Review, 61(2), pp.225-270Bottom of Form O'Neill, S., 2012. The gods must be crazy: chronology of and issues in the Qantas industrial dispute 2011 Reinhart, C.M., 2012. A series of unfortunate events: common sequencing patterns in financial crises (No. w17941). National Bureau of Economic Research Sarina, T. and Wright, C.F., 2015. Mutual gains or mutual losses? Organisational fragmentation and employment relations outcomes at Qantas Group. Journal of Industrial Relations, 57(5), pp.686-706 Sheldon, P. and Thornthwaite, L., 2013. Employer and employer association matters in Australia in 2012. Journal of Industrial Relations, 55(3), pp.386-402 Smith, G. and Howard, L. (2012). The Qantas dispute: employer's lockout, ministerial intervention and Fair Work Australia's decision - Knowledge - Clayton Utz. [online] Claytonutz.com. Available at: https://www.claytonutz.com/knowledge/2012/may/the-qantas-dispute-employer-s-lockout-ministerial-intervention-and-fair-work-australia-s-decision [Accessed 5 May 2017] Smith, G. and Howard, L., 2012. Stuck in the terminal with the gates firmly shut: Suspension and termination of industrial action after Qantas. DICTUM-Victoria L. Sch. J., 2, p.41 Stewart, A., 2008. Stewart's guide to employment law (Vol. 3). Sydney: Federation Press

What You Dont Know About Elderly Essay Topics May Surprise You

What You Don't Know About Elderly Essay Topics May Surprise You There are several different businesses that will offer the in-home care. In the event the initial care provided isn't successful a nurse must think of a different plan of action. Home health care providers may be the solution you've been searching for. For elderly people it's vitally important to know they have somebody who will care for their wellbeing and safety. Pain is a vital concept in nursing. Prenatal care is the ideal way to advertise the wellness of an unborn child. Education and training for those Doctors should also contain the chronological age structure with the concentrate on the adult protection. Regardless of the efforts that have been input in trying to enhance the awareness On the problem of elderly abuse, the elderly folks who live in the long-term care units will likely be exposed to more vulnerable conditions. The gender studies exist to boost understanding of the idea of gender and between genders generally. Among the abuses a person could suffer, verbal abuse can be absolutely the most common and most devastating abuse. For instance, one of the most often encountered problems is elder abuse. You might have to identify what you need to write in your essay. Life is far better than it was 50 decades ago. Completely free Elderly essay samples are offered on FreeEssayHelp with no payment or registration. Completel y free Depression Elderly essay samples can be found FreeEssayHelp with no payment or registration. No matter the situation, the elderly do need some sort of care. In the instance of aged folks that are not regarding the family, Japanese wives or their daughters are the individuals who tend to provide their elderly friends the care they require. In some cases, the elderly person could be in a position to reside in their own home, and could be strong enough not to require specialized attention and attention. Tell me about the most fascinating person that you've ever met. Most Noticeable Elderly Essay Topics Whenever your elderly loved ones live alone, there are various concerns. The elderly will also face a negative effect on their health on account of the hot summer temperatures. In summary, as a result of lifestyle changes, many individuals have begun living in more compact groups and families, and are also located far from one another. In both nations, the gain in aging members of the populace has put a great deal of pressure on the medical and retirement schemes. The Little-Known Secrets to Elderly Essay Topics If don't have any single idea about what to write about, look through the topics you've already passed in your textbooks. Make sure that you have every bit of information regarding the topic you are handling in essays on media. As stated earlier, media is an extensive concept which needs a particular topic to be debated in the media essay so you need to be really careful when addressing the topic selection procedure. Now you have a notion about what a proposal essay is and the way to select the proper topic to compose your own essay, here are a few examples of proposal essay topics. Keep in mind, proposal essays serve a purpose outside academia. They are common in business and science classes and professions, but are also useful for a number of different disciplines. Because they are a type of argumentative essay, you want to be sure the essay is worthy of an argument. Don't forget that a criticism doesn't indicate that you concentrate on highlighting the weaker aspects of the book. Now it's time to compose your essay. The essay isn't the simplest task to master. To put it simply, a proposal essay identifies an issue and suggests a remedy to that issue. Most issues can have essays on all the aforementioned questions. To begin writing your assignment you would want to encounter an interesting and promising topic. General overview would consist of information that's covering the topic for language essay for a whole while specific overview will just speak about particular problems. Many questions are several choices. A balance of science and problem solving questions provide a sound evaluation of a students overall ability resulting in medical and skilled success. Thus, the topic is going to have to be well thought out because it is going to ascertain the standard of your paper. Women's health issues topics offer you an assortment of research subjects.

Good Topics For Classification And Division Essay

Good Topics For Classification And Division EssayGood topics for classification and division essay can be categorized as proper research, research strategy, learning outcomes, and evaluation. Each of these ideas also holds the potential to be used in more than one essay.Research is the process of gathering data for the purpose of comparison. This doesn't mean just looking at a few sources of information but going all out, if it's needed. Research can also mean putting a lot of effort into doing the research, on your own or through other sources. It is not always necessary, however, to spend time doing research if the data can be gathered through other methods.Strategy is how a category involves the writer. It includes finding a good way to research a topic and applying this research to the main topic itself. It also involves finding a way to classify your source material, or even moving it around, but not altering its essence. In other words, what category does the writer choose is n ot just random, but one that will fit the topic's theme. It might be a large category or one that will fit into a small category.The three types of categories are easy to understand. They start with research and work their way through two categories. Then they move through the last two categories, creating a hierarchy of categories, like the pyramid. I will go over each of these three categories one by one.Reading: Read articles, book reviews, books, and many other resources that are related to the topic you are writing about. When you read about an aspect of the topic that interests you, evaluate how well it is represented in the article. If it is well represented, then there is a good chance that the author uses this information in the article. But if you can't identify how the author uses this information, then it could be another type of category.Research: Read more than one source to learn the main points of the topic, and make sure that the information in each source is genera lly similar. Each source might hold some slight differences that add up to the whole information. When you find these differences, then you know which source is best, and the best source will most likely be the primary source.The next category is strategy. Here, the categories are different, but some are similar. You should choose your strategies based on your category. Knowing the categories of each category can help you get a better understanding of how your writing will work. Knowing the differences between the categories can give you a greater understanding of how the categories are used.Finally, the last category is classification. Here, the categories are the same as the first category, but the strategy is a bit different. It is the most confusing of the three categories, but I promise that if you study it enough, it is the most effective category.

Up in Arms About Essay Writing Recipe?

Up in Arms About Essay Writing Recipe? One other important category in recipe analysis is to learn the quantity of nouns that take place in a given recipe. It is essential for students to realize that the recipe is intended to convince the reader they are making a strong argument. Each and each and every ingredient is important to reach the last result. If for example, a recipe needs tomato sauce, the readers ought to be informed so. You will locate your own recipe that you wish to modify. The recipe she'd follow has been passed down from a number of generations in our family members. Preparing my family's homemade lasagna recipe isn't a struggle, but it's very time consuming. Anyway, there are numerous types of writing therapies that serve various purposes. In the event you're writing a process comparison, you'll also have to compare some steps of the process with a different practice. Thus, writing is among the activities that positively impact our mentality. In the event that you're writing the notice rather than typewriting, be certain the handwriting is readable and apparent. The essay isn't a blank check. It's possible for you to buy argumentative essay at their site. Plagiarized essay isn't going to be accepted for the contest. Now that you're aware that we are the very best online essay writing service to work w ith, don't hesitate to pay a visit to our site and order an essay. You may believe that you're not expert enough to compose a process essay. Following that, you are going to be able to compose an introduction to the essay. The introduction is the initial paragraph of the essay. There are several ways to compose an essay. The writers have to be recognized. You need to be careful not to copy phrases from different essays on account of the topic of plagiarism. To prevent such consequences, you have to employ essay writing experts that supply you with a totally free plagiarism report. What You Don't Know About Essay Writing Recipe When you opt to get assistance from our cheap paper writing service, you shouldn't be concerned about the individual who will work on your task. The ideal essay writing solutions can be your reliable resource for research and authentic essay and can assist you with affordable rates. Otherwise an internet essay help is going to be the most effective possible solution for you. You can receive the very best writing help if you're prepared to shell out time to decide on the very best service provider. Be certain you have included everything that you wish to be incorporated into your paper. Before you begin planning your paper, yo u should make a decision as to what kind of work you're likely to do. There are several sorts of expository essays, and each one among them has its particular purpose and tone. The process essay explains stages in a sequence, which is the reason why transitional words should be used too. The Ultimate Essay Writing Recipe Trick Essay writing is part of learning process. If you would like to acquire expert Law essay assistance, you must try to find a Law essay writing service. At the close of the college application essay writing process, the essay supplied to the client is in its very best form. There are a lot of on-line essay writing services to assist you with your writing tasks. Get the aid of qualified essay writing service to find informational essay Many students wish to represent the ideal essay in school, higher school and college to truly feel proud before classmates, teachers, and parents. They have to follow the instructions carefully to create a best law essay. If they want to write an elaborate essay, they should conduct a proper research and perform the process themselves before actually explaining it to the reader. Some students become scared to get started writing. Essay Writing Recipe Options Thus, include data in the shape of statistics, experiments, research material to assist you support your essay argument. When you proceed through various samples, you won't only get ideas on unique topics but also know how to apply unique strategies to enhance your writing skills. If you're predicted to select your own subject, then the very first step is to define the aim of your essay. In here you'll see examples on various subjects in some speci fic formatting styles and of distinct kinds of essays. The End of Essay Writing Recipe The recipe requires students to restate part of their thesis in every body paragraph. Every paragraph ought to be associated with your central idea. The second body paragraph will adhere to precisely the same format as the very first body paragraph. Each paragraph within the body should be limited to a single idea so that every notion is place in its paragraph.

School Sample Essay About Pharaoh

School Sample Essay About PharaohIf you are looking for a good school sample essay about Pharaoh, you have come to the right place. Now that you have finished reading this article, you will be on your way to writing that essay. This is a guide to writing an essay about Pharaoh that will make your school supervisors and tutors melt. If you follow these ideas, you can soon come up with a quality essay.In the past, essay research papers about Pharaoh were hard to write because of the lack of details. Now, all you need to do is to spend some time to be able to prepare a short essay on the topic. It won't take long, and you will find that the details you need will be easily found. The key is to read about the Pharaoh and the place where he lived, then to research the culture of Egypt to uncover facts.Spend some time on researching the places where your Pharaoh lived, his tomb, monuments, and other features of the sites. Then, bring your research to a reader by adding anecdotes. Add one fa ct at a time. By doing this, you will be able to understand how Egypt was built and by the cultures involved.Now that you have fully researched about the places that the Pharaoh lived, your next step is to bring that information to your essay. Simply describe some of the events that were recorded. First, you have to learn about the appearance of the places where the Pharaoh lived. This will allow you to come up with a good writing that will speak of the King. Use a lot of pictures to highlight the scenes.When you want to write about the life of the Pharaoh, remember to use a historical format. You can also link the events with other famous cultures that preceded the one you are talking about. This will allow you to explore the characters of the times. Also, do not forget to make mention of the Egyptian language. However, do not forget to link your information to the written format you used to describe them.When writing your research papers about Pharaoh, it is important to bring a v ariety of facts to your work. If you don't do this, you will find that the other researchers who will view your work won't like it. Besides, they will also find it hard to comprehend your writing because you will be bringing numerous facts to it. You must keep it short and simple. Remember to write about the key aspects of the Pharaohs, his relationship with his people, the people's ability to make the Pharaoh's life easier, and other things.Your school sample essay about Pharaoh will be able to answer your school's students and tutors. They will then also appreciate it. Remember that good writing will also help you get noticed by the people you're trying to impress. So, enjoy writing the essay and enjoy it well.

The Effectiveness of Chili and Kamias as Natural Insect Repellant free essay sample

What is the most effective concentration of Chili and Kamias mixtures with the highest effectiveness as an insect repellant. 2. What is the significance of the study in terms of cost of production and effectiveness compared to commercially available insect repellants? 3. Will there be adverse effects of the natural insect repellent on the different species of insects to be used in this study? II. Background of the Study An  insect repellent  is a substance applied to skin, clothing, or other surfaces which discourages  insects  (and  arthropods  in general) from landing or climbing on that surface. Most pesticides ans insecticides are used in homes, gardens and farms to kill or deter pests and insects. Insects and pests need to be kept away because they cause diseases and cause damage to property. Some pests like the cockroach   are also very unhygienic. The most common household pesticides are chemically manufactured and may contain toxins that may be harmful to our he alth, especially to children. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effectiveness of Chili and Kamias as Natural Insect Repellant or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These chemically manufactured spray-can of insecticide generate fumes, releasing chemicals that spread everywhere and are inhaled. Also, most farmers use pesticides to protect their crops and increase yield. However, these pesticides seep into the soil, contaminate ground water and hence,   adversely affect the food chain. Natural pesticides are products made of only naturally occuring substances and are a much safer way to keep pests and insects away without harming our environment. Since natural pesticides are made of natural substances, they will not harm us. Examples of how natural pesticides are used include the use of borax acid to repel termites and cockroaches. Lemon juice, bay leaves and cucumber peel help to keep ants away. Pepper spray can repel and kill crickets. Honey is very useful in attracting flies and used as fly traps. Termites are usually repelled by borax and vinegar (acetic acid). Because of the differences between types of insects, studies show that products that contain multiple repellents tend to be more effective than those containing a single ingredient. This study will explore the importance of the chili and kamias fruit as an insect repellent. According to recent studies on the feasibility of Chili peppers as a potent pesticide, it was found out that Powdered chili pepper  deters the onion fly,  Delia antiqua, from laying eggs and a chemical from from hot peppers reduces  growth of the spiny bollworm,  Earias insulana  and may repel cotton pests. Researchers at Kentucky State University studied how well pepper insecticide worked and what kind of peppers make the best insecticide. They found that powdered chili pepper kept onion flies from laying eggs. Also  hot  peppers  worked well against some types of worms and pests found in the cotton field. Researchers only found one pepper insecticide that killed spider mites, and that was made from tabasco chili peppers. The best general insecticide seemed to be made from just about any kind of hot pepper. 2 Kamias fruit, on the other hand, is considered as an antibacterial, astringent, antiscorbutic, febrifuge, antidiabetic, stomachic, refrigerant. The fruit also has high oxalic acid content. Studies show that vaporized oxalic acid, or a 3. % solution of oxalic acid in sugar syrup, is used by some  beekeepers  as a  miticide  against the parasitic  varroa mite and can be explored as a helpful ingredient for an organic insect repellent. In turn, this study would like to implore on the affectivity of the combined property of each fruit. III. Significance of the Study The effectiveness and low cost of production of the proposed natural insect repellant will help alleviate the high cost of commercially available insect repellants in the market. The high availability of the fruits in the country ould suffice for the production of the chili-kamias insect repellant. IV. Scope and Limitations This research will focus on the combined effectiveness of chili and kamias mixtures as an insect repellant on specific plants and insects only. It will also focus on the toxicity it may have on plants. For this study, the researchers will only use 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% and 0% concentrations of chili extract in kamias extract. V. Materials and Methodology Materials: ? kilo of kamias fruit 1 ? kilo of chili mortar and pestle kettle gas stove product container Procedure: 1. For this study, the independent variable is the concentration of the chili extract– 100%, 75%, 50% and 25%, 0% in kamias extract. 2. Near accessible plants are to be used as a test factor and will measure qualitatively the number of insects affected by the chili-kamias extract. 100grams of chili and kamias each are purchased from the supermarket. 3. Beakers, spray dispensers and plants are labeled as â€Å"100%†, â€Å"75%†, â€Å"50%† and â€Å"25%† and â€Å"0%† according to the concentration of the chili extract used. 4. Grind 150grams of chili and add 300ml of distilled water whilst grinding. Do the same for the Kamias fruits. Grind 100 grams of Kamias and add 250 ml of water whilst grinding. After grinding, the mixtures are boiled for 5 minutes to maximize juice extraction. The juices are then extracted and poured in a measuring cylinder. After straining out remaining solids, pour 100ml of the ground chili extract into the beaker labeled â€Å"100%†and 75ml Into the beaker labeled â€Å"75%†. 75ml chili extract is mixed with an additional 25ml of Kamias extract. The beaker marked â€Å"50%† will contain 50ml of chili juice mixed with an additional 50ml kamias extract. The beaker marked â€Å"25%† will contain 25ml of chili juice mixed with an additional 75ml of Kamias extract. The beaker marked â€Å"0%† will contain 100ml of Kamias extract. 10 drops of detergent are added to each of the mixtures. 5. Pour the corresponding mixtures into the respective spray dispensers. 6. The respective concentrations of Birds Eye chili are sprayed 5 times in each plant. The plants are to be observed every two to three hours until a week. The results are recorded in a table. References: 1 www. wikipedia. com http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Insect_repellent 2 Homemade Organic Pepper Insecticide | eHow. com  http://www. ehow. com/way_5763469_homemade-organic-pepper-insecticide. html#ixzz21itGOaOy

The Truman Show Essay Example

The Truman Show Essay Example The Truman Show Essay The Truman Show Essay Whether it was intentional can be debated, but the makers of the movie â€Å"The Truman Show† made an effective argument against structural-functionalism as a theory of social development. On the show within a movie, Truman was the lead character in a television show that revolved around his life. He was placed into the show and the surrounding stage/town at birth, and all the decision regarding other actors’ reactions to him were scripted based on his actions. Truman, of course, believed that this was real life. In the movie, product placement within the town was based on the shows advertisers and every need that Truman had was met in some way by the show’s producers. The problems that are the core plot of the movie develop when it becomes clear that the need the producers cannot meet is his need for self and for happiness. This shows us the core failings of the structural-functionalism theory of social development. In the structural-functionalism theory of social development, a person’s physical and social development are reliant on the social institutions in their lives. The theory asserts that society meets the biological and social needs of the individual through institution. Thus, Truman’s need for warmth, love, and protection could be met through his family. His need for faith and a spirit of community could be met through his church and even his need for self-fulfillment could be met through his work. The major failing of the theory is that it does not address the needs of the spirit or the soul or possibly the intellect. Each of these hard to define portions of what makes a human being a person and vice versa were ignored in â€Å"The Truman Show†. Though Truman occasionally had conflicts when warranted by the ratings war, he never was forced to resolve conflicts in a manner that leads to personal development. The solution was either given to him or taken out of his hands, leading to a deep-seated unhappiness that Truman can neither explain nor define. Truman has been taught that his life is meant to be ordinary, that he is successful, in a fashion, as an insurance clerk and married to a beautiful woman. He has had the best friend since he was seven years old. It appears that producers have met all of Truman’s needs. But much like the theory of structural-functionalism does not take into account personal desires, Truman’s world begins to crumble and he begins to suspect something is up when he meets Lauren on the street and falls in love with her. The character Lauren is quickly written out when her family moved to Fiji and Truman develops a desire to go to Fiji to find her. The show and the theory met his needs for companionship and for a sexual relationship with his â€Å"wife† Meryl, but never accounted for the something else that is the spark of love. The theory in essence dismisses human emotion as an impact on social development and relies on the most physical state of social needs, not the emotion that accompanies them. The â€Å"producer† of the television show within the movie did the same thing. He made certain that Truman’s physical needs were met, but never considered the need for other forms of stimuli. Another prime example of this is the manner in which they deter Truman’s efforts to explore. Though it seems like a basic human need to understand and possibly control their environment, the producers induced such fear in Truman that he could not even explore the island that was his set. When he attempted to do so, producers used a viscious dog to scare him back into the controlled environment. They also had his â€Å"father† drowned in an early season to ensure that Truman would develop an unreasonable fear of water and thus be confined to the imaginary â€Å"Seahaven†. In fact, producers were so interested in controlling Truman’s environment that they had an environmentally controlled dome, regulating temperatures and the weather. In his mythical home of â€Å"Seahaven†, Truman never had to worry about anything, even the weather. This utter lack of conflict in his life lead to a very status quo existence, another of the key criticisms of structural-functionalism. The person is never challenged, never able to or even desiring to, improve themselves or their situation. Perhaps the most telling failure of the Truman television show and of structural functionalism is the failure to understand the desires of the heart. Truman wants to explore his world and eventually, even fear cannot hold him back any longer. In addition, after meeting Lauren, his desire to see her again upsets his world view and helps him to overcome his fears. Ultimately, the structural-functionalism employed by the show failed to me his transcendent needs. If we were discussing Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, we would be talking about the need for self-fulfillment. Up until that state, it is beleiveable that the world around us could provide for our basic needs and development. However, ultimately that need for self-fulfillment is internal and cannot be controlled or aided by outside forces. By meeting all of Truman’s basic needs, food, shelter, sex, etc. they allowed him to develop to the point where he could consider self-fulfillment and nothing in structural-functionalism or in the Truman show allowed for that. In essence, the lack of conflict in his early life, which was dominated by structural-functionalism lead to the need for conflict; the need to be challenged, to compete and to win and to fail. In the end, â€Å"The Truman show† demonstrates very vividly that a single sociological theory cannot be used to describe a development process completely, but may be used to explain some stages of that development.